People on the Prairies have been hunkered down under extreme cold warnings, brought about by a polar vortex, but how does that weather phenomenon work?

People on the Prairies have been hunkered down under extreme cold warnings, brought about by a polar vortex, but how does that weather phenomenon work?
There’s a lot of science behind both but you wouldn’t know it from the media
Polar vortex to chill Prairies, more snow further east, AccuWeather says
Cold air now has a near-continuous path southward… and we’re right in that path
Issued January 28, 2018: Covering the period from January 30 to February 6
Issued February 5, 2018: Covering the period from February 7 to February 14