A greener, safer way of cleaning eggs

A new method from the University of Saskatchewan promises eco-friendly decontamination with less egg damage

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Published: June 25, 2024

Researchers say that this method is more eco-friendly than typical modes of egg decontamination.

Researchers at the University of Saskatchewan say a technique used for cleaning swine barns has led them to an effective method for decontaminating eggs.

Why it matters: The technique is more eco-friendly than current chemical methods of egg decontamination, making it an option for future commercialization.

The method uses water and electricity to create engineered water nanostructures, which clean the eggs without damaging the cuticle, the natural outer coating that seals the egg. This reduces the need for refrigeration. Researchers say the method is 97.6 per cent effective against E. coli and 80.4 per cent effective against salmonella.

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Mehdi Heydari Foroushani, a post-doctoral research fellow at the university’s college of engineering, said the process starts with imposing “a powerful electric field between needles and a ground while we have water inside these needles.

“This powerful electricity causes the water to start to be sprayed in small, nano sizes.”

The nano water molecules are rich in electrons and contain reactive oxygen. The oxygen and water interact with the microorganisms of bacteria, stopping them in their tracks, he said.

“This device has 16 needles and each needle uses one microlitre per minute of water flow. So, in total, we use 16 microlitres per minute for the device, a really low amount of water. It’s nothing really, just a droplet of water in a minute.”

A microlitre is one thousandth of a millilitre.

The method also uses less energy than current and experimental methods such as cold plasma, Heydari Foroushani said.

The research team found the process is most effective when EWN is dispered onto the eggs at a current of nine kilovolts per centimetre for five minutes.

That’s a potential stumbling block if the process is commercialized, he acknowledged. Large egg facilities rely on quick methods. Overcoming that hurdle will be the next research step.

The method uses water and electricity to create engineered water nanostructures, cleaning the eggs and reducing the need for refrigeration. Photo: Lifeng Zhang/University of Saskatchewan

Safer eggs

The method was tested and observed at the Canadian Light Source at USask using the X-ray micro-computed tomography beam, which allowed the team to monitor safety of the egg cuticle. Eggshells are porous and the cuticle, invisible to the naked eye, seals those porous channels.

“The important thing here is that whenever we use any methods to decontaminate the egg surface, we want to make sure that we’re not damaging these materials, because these materials can control the gases exchange with the eggs and they are the first line of defence against micro-organisms’ penetrations inside the eggs.”

The team placed the egg in the synchrotron’s beam to create a high-resolution image of the shell at the microscopic level, allowing researchers to see the cuticle and any breaks. They found no change or damage. Compared to the typical chemical-water wash used commercially, this method is safer for the egg, said Heydari Foroushani.

“The washing of the eggs kind of damages these cuticles on the egg’s surface. We wash out these layers a little bit. That’s why after washing, we usually refrigerate the eggs. So, there is no need to put it in the refrigerator after using this methodology.”

About the author

Janelle Rudolph

Janelle Rudolph

Reporter

Janelle Rudolph is a Glacier FarmMedia Reporter based in Rosthern, Sask. Janelle Rudolph's love of writing and information, and curiosity in worldly goings-ons is what led her to pursue her Bachelor of Communication and Digital Journalism from Thompson Rivers University, which she earned in 2024. After graduating, she immediately dove headfirst into her journalism career with Glacier FarmMedia. She grew up on a small cattle farm near Rosthern, Sask. which has influenced her reporting interests of livestock, local ag, and agriculture policy. In Janelle’s free time she can be found reading with a coffee in hand, wandering thrift and antique stores or spending time with friends and family.

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