OAC said Wednesday its proposed new “master of plant agriculture” (MPAg) program would allow recent graduates and professionals to “quickly upgrade education and training without the need of conducting academic research through a traditional thesis-based program.”

The University of Guelph-based college would offer the first intake to the new program through its Department of Plant Agriculture starting in the fall of 2024, pending approvals from the Ontario Universities Council on Quality Assurance and the provincial ministry of colleges and universities.

The new master’s degree would “address the demands of employers in the private and public sectors who are looking for professionals with advanced expertise in plant breeding, crop production and plant science,” OAC said in a release.

Students would be able to complete the new program in three or four semesters, allowing international students to be eligible to apply for a post-graduate work permit, the college said.

The program would allow students to study on a full- or part-time basis and select courses lining up with “specific career goals in breeding and genetics, biochemistry and physiology, or crop production systems for both agronomic and horticultural crops.”

“We are consistently hearing that employers are seeking graduates that have the scientific knowledge as well as the hands-on training in plant and agricultural science,” Dr. John Cranfield, acting dean of OAC, said in Wednesday’s release.

(Cranfield was named acting OAC dean in July, after dean Dr. Rene Van Acker was seconded to serve as the University of Guelph’s interim vice-president for research, replacing Dr. Malcolm Campbell.)

“This program will fill this gap and provide graduates with valuable skills in collaboration and communication needed for career success,” Cranfield said.

“This program provides an opportunity for students to gain a more comprehensive knowledge in the core subjects of plant agriculture, without focusing on one particular project through a research degree,” Corteva AgriScience research scientist Dr. Eric Shaw said in the university’s release. “I can see this being an advantage to those applying to Corteva.”

OAC emphasized it continues to offer the “thesis-based” M.Sc. and PhD in plant agriculture, which it described as “ideal for students wishing to pursue careers in research in the private or public sector.” — Glacier FarmMedia Network

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The municipality of North Grenville, which includes Kemptville, about 40 km south of Ottawa, closed a deal in December to purchase the Kemptville ag campus, with the official transfer due to take place March 28.

The deal will see North Grenville buy much of the main Kemptville campus and surrounding property, including 34 buildings on about 633 acres of land.

An agreement announced Wednesday between the municipality and the province will see the “majority” of the Kemptville campus transform into an “education and community hub that focuses on: education and training, health and wellness and economic development, emphasizing climate change resiliency and low-carbon innovation.”

The plan follows through on former federal agriculture minister Lyle Vanclief’s 2014 review of options for the campus.

The University of Guelph, operator of OAC, announced earlier that year it would wind down operations at its Kemptville and Alfred OAC campuses.

North Grenville, on its website, said the Kemptville campus “has long been recognized as a defining element of the local community” and the university’s 2014 decision “came as a shock to many farmers, residents, businesses — and potential students.”

Vanclief, in a report commissioned by the Ontario government, recommended the province transfer the property to the municipality.

The province, in a release Wednesday, said it worked withe the municipality toward a deal “which would support the municipality’s vision of the hub as a place for education and training, health and wellness and economic development.”

Community hubs, the province said, are “locally-driven.” The provincial government’s role is to “make it easier for community partners to offer services that are integrated and co-ordinated, strengthening community partnerships and making the best use of public space.”

Management and maintenance of the new Kemptville campus will be through a wholly-owned not-for-profit corporation operating at arm’s length from the North Grenville government, the municipality said in a separate release.

The mandate for the not-for-profit, the municipality said, will be to develop the Kemptville Campus Education and Community Hub as a “multi-tenant” site.

Some of the campus land and building infrastructure has already been “repurposed” for use by multiple French- and English-language school boards for early years, elementary, secondary, adult education and “related community service activities,” the municipality said.

“Discussion with a number of other education and community groups are ongoing with the objective of leasing all available space on the campus.”

“It has been an extensive process, but we are extremely pleased that an agreement has been reached, and we are looking forward to further exploring the possibilities for the development of the hub and the benefits it will bring to our community,” North Grenville Mayor David Gordon said in the province’s release.

“By working together, we are ensuring that the Kemptville site continues to be a positive economic asset for the community and for Ontario,” provincial Agriculture Minister Jeff Leal said in the same release.

“The Kemptville campus played a pivotal role for agriculture in Eastern Ontario for the past 100 years. Its transformation to an education and community hub under the direction of North Grenville positions it to play an equally relevant and innovative role over the next century.”

The campus was set up in 1917 as Kemptville College to “support and strengthen” farming practices in eastern Ontario. It became part of the University of Guelph in 1997, and got the “campus” designation in 2006.

North Grenville said it plans to hold a press conference sometime this week to “communicate additional information” on the future of the Kemptville site. –– AGCanada.com Network

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Chris Cutler, an associate professor in the department of environmental sciences at Dalhousie University and also a beekeeper, said another challenge is a lack of information on wild bees, which are vital to food production. There are about 1,000 bee species in Canada.

“In terms of their population dynamics and long-term community distributions and prevalence of different species, we know next to nothing about many of them,” Cutler said. “This is just another cautionary message about making blanket statements about all the bees being in decline. We actually lack a lot of data.”

He said the issue isn’t just limited to those outside the industry, but that beekeepers themselves need to better understand what’s happening.

“Education is the issue that needs to be really tackled among beekeepers,” he said. “You can have hives in the exact same location and half of them will live and half of them will die, and I won’t really be able to understand why.”

There’s a strong sense in the apiculture sector that “beekeeper extension work is key in terms of improving the health of honeybees across the country.”

Kevin Nixon, an Alberta beekeeper and chair of the Canadian Honey Council, said bee issues have received a lot of misleading media attention.

“Unfortunately, most of the media has not been willing to present all the factors affecting bee health, but is aimed at only a single factor, being pesticides,” Nixon said. “There are many factors affecting bee health.”

He cited pests and disease, habitat and nutrition, pesticides and weather and climate all as challenges.

“Most beekeepers on the whole still say that the varroa mite is still the biggest challenge that we face,” he said. “The mite and viruses can decimate a beekeeping operation quite quickly if not managed well.”

Nixon added it’s a frustrating situation for beekeepers with millions of dollars invested in their operation and no solution forthcoming from the research community.

Beekeepers also face rising costs from supplemental feeding of their bees, Nixon noted.

“All regions of Canada go through periods throughout the year when they need to feed their bees, however, it seems like we are feeding more than ever before,” he said.

The main reason for that is the lack of habitat, such as flowers and weeds, that are food sources for bees.

While some pesticides can be toxic to honeybees, there are also many pesticides, which are safe to use around bees, Nixon said.

“When products are used responsibly and the label is followed, most risk can be alleviated,” Nixon said.

Peter Kevan, a professor emeritus at the Ontario Agricultural College and internationally known bee expert, said starvation is a major factor in bee deaths during the winter.

“Starvation is a management problem,” Kevan said, adding it points to the need for better training of beekeepers.

“We really do need a systematic way of monitoring management practices so that we can make comparisons between the regions in Canada to try to understand what can be done better here or there.”

The starvation issue is due in part to the rather conservative nature of the beekeepers.

“Beekeeping equipment by and large has not changed, at least in the field, for about 150 years,” Kevan said. “I think there are some new approaches that could be taken, that need to be taken.”

Kevan also said the effects of pesticides on bees has been poorly monitored and documented. The debate over the use of neonic seed treatments has created a situation where emotions trump logic at times.

“Disagreements have sort of resulted in the situation being clouded by emotionally expressed opinions, backed up with some facts, some factoids, and some fallacies,” Kevan said. “We are not getting a very good picture of the actual problem, unfortunately, because of the way things are unfolding. Everybody has a stake in it and we understand what those stakes are and that everybody’s stake is legitimate. But there has to be some sort of balance, which seems to be somewhat lacking.”

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The new name, the Department of Animal Biosciences, “helps describe the department’s evolution from a livestock husbandry department in the 1870s to the highly dynamic and integrated department it is today,” OAC dean Rob Gordon said in a release Monday.

University of Guelph president Franco Vaccarino approved the renaming and notified the university senate last week, the school said.

“After a long consultation period with our staff, students, faculty and alumni, I am so pleased to see the department renamed,” department chair Jim Squires said in the same release.

Several “internal and external audiences” don’t realize the department works in genetics, physiology, welfare and behaviour, animal models for health, animal metabolism, reproduction, nutrition, equine management, animal care and the social and environmental impacts of both livestock and companion animals, he said.

Squires and department staff, faculty and students “feel the new name will better communicate the department’s mandate to others,” the university said.

Communications and documents are to be updated accordingly over the next few months. — AGCanada.com Network

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The University of Guelph, which operates OAC, announced in spring 2014 it would wind down operations at its Kemptville and Alfred satellite campuses and consolidate its ag education and research operations at its Guelph and Ridgetown campuses by the end of 2015.

The province in January pledged to work with local municipalities to “determine options for a sustainable path forward” for ag education in eastern Ontario involving the Kemptville and Alfred campuses.

To that end, the province said then it would set up a “working group to explore new models for delivering agricultural learning, training and instruction” at Kemptville.

The working group, whose establishment was announced Wednesday, is to include representatives from the University of Guelph, Municipality of North Grenville, United Counties of Leeds and Grenville, the provincial agriculture ministry and the provincial training, colleges and universities ministry.

The province said Wednesday its working group “will explore what courses and programs could be offered at the campus, as well as which organizations could help deliver them.”

The group is also expected to look at ways for the Kemptville campus to continue to focus on ag and food education, while considering offering courses in health and wellness, business and trades training, the province said.

The working group is expected to submit its findings in late fall this year.

“We see the group’s efforts as forming the basis of a sustainable business plan leading to a not-for-profit corporation to renew and redevelop Kempvtille campus into an educational and multi-institutional campus relevant to eastern Ontario,” North Grenville Mayor David Gordon said in a provincial release Wednesday.

The province’s aim in this process is to help secure a “long-term solution” for the two campuses, Agriculture Minister Jeff Leal said in the same release, but added “the future of the Kemptville campus must be based on a fully sustainable, sound business plan.”

The campus’ land and facilities today are owned by the Agricultural Research Institute of Ontario (ARIO); the province said in January it would negotiate with North Grenville to transfer the Kemptville property to the municipality.

Acting as a provincially appointed facilitator, former federal ag minister Lyle Vanclief in late 2014 prepared a report on the Kemptville site, noting “several” proposals had been received for use of parts of the campus, some of which are “mutually exclusive of others.”

Vanclief urged the province to steer clear of “short-term” decisions to lease or turn over property or buildings to any one group permanently or long-term, which he said could “limit the potential for renewal of the campus for future education and community development purposes.”

Given “a sufficient number of years” with a non-profit organization acting as a landlord, manager and potential owner, he said, the Kemptville campus has potential to develop as “a diverse community and educational centre for eastern Ontario.”

No “specific” proposals had yet been received for use of the campus’ farmland, forested land or dairy, equine or maple syrup facilities, Vanclief said at the time. — AGCanada.com Network

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Many people are in denial about climate change, Craig Pearson told attendees at the University of Manitoba annual Bendelow Lecture in an address entitled “Changing Agriculture to Save the World.”

Even in his native Australia, which has experienced both severe drought and extreme flooding in recent years, government has allocated 130 per cent of normal river flow in one of the most affected regions, the Murray-Darling Basin.

“There is a huge gap between society’s expectations and the new reality,” said Pearson, a former dean of the Ontario Agricultural College at the University of Guelph.

“I would suggest that the next generation in agriculture has to address that gap.”

But much has been learned in recent decades, and fortunately those lessons are being taken to heart in the developing world, Pearson said.

“I’m actually relatively optimistic that in developing countries, as they very quickly move to urbanization, there will be direct and indirect price pressures to create a less leaky farming system,” he said. “Whereas we are in a very affluent situation, we have not had to worry about leakage and wastage.”

However, a massive overconsumption of goods, energy, fertilizer, water and soil in agriculture will eventually have to be addressed, he said. Better government policies, legume-based cropping systems, greenbelt initiatives, agro-ecological zones, savanna cropping and urban agriculture will be parts of the solution, he said.

But if you’re looking for a silver bullet, you’re out of luck.

“This is evolution, not revolution,” said Pearson. “None of us have the answers, but collectively we need to get there.”

A change in perspective is critical, said the University of Melbourne professor, and that means moving beyond a model focused only on production and productivity, and changing the one-way connection between farming and urban centres.

“Yes, cities are part of the problem, but cities are also part of the solution,” he said, noting more than 50 per cent of the world’s population currently live in cities and that number will increase dramatically in the coming decades.

Pearson said those cities need to start giving something back to agriculture — phosphorus. Global supplies of this essential nutrient are being depleted and recycling it would encourage people to view the urban-rural relationship as a cycle and not a one-way “food chain,” he said.

Pearson said he doesn’t have the answers to technical issues around returning phosphorus to farms, but is confident they can be overcome.

“For those who say it is all too difficult and costly, I would remind you that for 10 years Toronto took its garbage to a landfill site in Michigan,” he said.

Public education is also part of making agriculture more sustainable, and reducing food waste.

“If the public is aware that the apple with the blotch on it tastes the same as the apple without the blotch on it — and will eat both — then we have an immediate change in pricing and a reduction in waste,” said Pearson.

The global economy is expected to increase fourfold in the coming years, which translates into higher rates of consumption — something that Pearson said concerns him.

“Clearly the world needs saving… and agriculture has a leadership role to play,” he said. “I believe that society transformation to a new form of agriculture is both necessary and possible.”

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Temple Grandin, the renowned animal scientist, bestselling author and consultant to the livestock industry on animal welfare and behaviour, received an honorary doctorate of science at the winter convocation for the Ontario Agricultural College (OAC) and the Ontario Veterinary College (OVC) February 22.

“As founding colleges of the University of Guelph, we are thrilled to jointly recognize Dr. Grandin with this honorary degree,” said Rob Gordon, dean of OAC in a release.

“She is a welcome and frequent visitor and friend to our university and we have all benefited from her insights and knowledge, particularly the Campbell Centre for the Study of Animal Welfare,” he said. “She has made immeasurable contributions to the health and welfare of farm animals and sustainable agricultural practices. This is what contemporary agriculture is all about.”

Grandin, a professor of animal science at Colorado State University, is a person with high-functioning autism and knows the anxiety of feeling threatened by her surroundings. She has introduced and designed humane handling systems for livestock-processing facilities across the U.S., Canada, Europe, Mexico, Australia and New Zealand, and consults with the meat industry to develop animal welfare guidelines.

“Temple Grandin’s contributions are an inspiration to all veterinarians who are bound by a solemn oath to promote animal health and welfare and relieve animal suffering,” said Dr. Elizabeth A. Stone, OVC dean.

Grandin earned her bachelor’s degree in psychology from Franklin Pierce College, her master’s degree in animal science from Arizona State University, and her doctoral degree in animal science from the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign in 1989.

She has published over 400 articles in scientific journals and livestock periodicals on animal handling, welfare, and facility design. She is also one of the world’s most accomplished and recognized people with autism. She invented a device used to treat people with hypersensitivity, was the subject of the Emmy Award-winning film “Temple Grandin,” and in 2010 was named one of Time magazine’s 100 Most Influential People in the World.

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That’s the message weed scientist Rene Van Acker would have given the House of Commons’ agriculture committee hearing on Bill C-474 in Ottawa Oct. 28, had he been given the opportunity.

But hearings on NDP MP Alex Atamanenko’s legislation came to an abrupt end last week when the House of Commons voted down the committee’s request for a 30-day extension.

The bill would require the federal government to analyze “the potential harm to (Canadian) export markets,” of new GM crops before approving their commercial release.

It now returns to the House for third reading, where it’s expected to be defeated because Conservative and Liberal MPs oppose it.

GM developers and most farm groups, with the exception of the National Farmers Union (NFU), also oppose the bill, saying assessing market impact is unscientific and will discourage future research and development of GM crops.

Besides Van Acker, representatives from the NFU, Grain Growers of Canada (GGC), Canadian Wheat Board (CWB) and CropLife Canada were scheduled to speak Oct. 28.

“I just wanted to make sure there was an awareness of the level of challenge that’s involved in trying to contain traits or segregate one crop from another,” Van Acker, associate dean of external relations at the University of Guelph’s Ontario Agricultural College, said in an interview

Van Acker, who has studied GM gene movement between crops, said he is neither in favour nor opposed to C-474. But he said the risk to markets is real.

In testimony prepared for the committee, Van Acker said when GM crops are grown commercially “the movement of traits (transgenes) beyond their intended destinations is virtually inevitable.” The bigger the crop, the bigger the risk.

“Once a given trait has escaped into the environment, which includes agricultural supply chains, retraction is difficult if not impossible, and as such in situations where the escape is a problem, the problem becomes persistent and likely permanent.”

That’s what worries the CWB, said District 3 director and Kane-area farmer Bill Toews.

The CWB is neutral on C-474, but it does support having a way to ensure the introduction of new GM crops doesn’t undermine markets, he said.

“In our opinion genetic modification as a biotechnology tool has possible benefits but because of the market sensitivity it has to be handled properly,” he said.

Science-based regulations are needed, but there’s already a precedent for considering the market impact, Toews said. Before a new milling wheat is registered for Western Canada it must meet certain end-use standards. While those standards, such as ash content, can be scientifically measured, the parameters are based on market acceptance.

In his written presentation, Toews said half the CWB’s export wheat and barley customers don’t want GM.

Before commercializing GM crops the CWB wants widespread market acceptance from the governments of major customers and consumers.

It also wants a globally accepted low level of presence for GM crops in non-GM crops and an effective system to segregate the two.

“The CWB needs to take additional leadership on developing a protocol for introducing GM wheat and barley, as it did when Roundup Ready wheat was being considered for release,” Toews said

“I honestly believe to leave it to the developers alone is not the answer.”

CropLife Canada, which represents GM developers, wants C-474 defeated.

CropLife president Lorne Hepworth said in an email he’s hopeful the bill will be defeated.

Hepworth said C-474 purports to help farmers, but would do the opposite by stifling innovation. “Had Bill C-474 passed 30 years ago the re would be no Canadian canola industry,” he said.

GM crops already benefit Canadian farmers and new innovations will help farmers and consumers, he said. Meanwhile, GM developers already consider the impact on markets before releasing new crops and seek regulatory approvals in major export markets before commercialization.

The GGC says there’s been enough discussion on C-474, given it’s unlikely to become law, GGC executive director Richard Phillips said in an email.

NFU president Terry Boehm, who travelled to Ottawa for the hearing, said in a release he was outraged it was cancelled. He urged MPs to pass the bill.

“Canadian farmers and the country cannot take any more market hits because of the sacred cow of biotech,” he said.allan@fbcpublishing.com

———

“Once a given trait has escaped into the environment, which includes agricultural supply chains,

retraction is difficult if not impossible,

…the problem becomes persistent

and likely permanent.”

– RENE VAN ACKER

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But Monsanto’s decision to deny those farmers access to its seed technology for life is raising questions among industry observers concerned about concentration in the marketplace.

In 2007, 65 per cent of Ontario’s soybean acres were Roundup Ready. In the West more than half the canola grown is Roundup Ready.

The lifetime ban, which reduces their cropping options, is in addition to thousands of dollars ($66 to $102 an acre) the farmers will pay Monsanto in penalties, plus court costs.

NO FREE RIDERS

For some, the penalty is fair game.

“I’m a guy that likes the (Monsanto) technology and pays for it,” said Rolf Penner, Manitoba vice-president of the Western Canadian Wheat Growers Association. “I don’t like free riders going in and taking advantage of this stuff. Under these circumstances I think it’s justified to have a lifetime ban.”

Penner believes there is ample competition between seed companies. “I don’t see this particular case as evidence or further evidence of corporate concentration,” he said.

The American Antitrust Institute, an independent U. S.-based think-tank says in a recent document there is not enough competition in the

“The choices for farmers will become less and less.”

– TERRY BOEHM

genetically modified (GM) seed business. “Monsanto possesses the market power to frustrate competition in soybeans, cotton, and corn, potentially slowing innovation and adversely affecting prices, quality, and choices for farmers and ultimate consumers of vitally important commodities.”

HEAVY HANDED

Greg Marshall, president of the Agricultural Producers Association of Saskatchewan described Monsanto’s ban as “heavy handed.”

“They (Monsanto) want to dictate the market and what we grow and how we grow it,” he said.

If one company can ban seed sales to a farmer there’s nothing stopping others, said National Farmers Union president Stewart Wells, noting the implications reach far beyond the farm gate.

Farmers will be afraid to stand up to seed companies for fear of being banned, Wells said.

Only farmers convicted of stealing Monsanto’s technology will be banned Monsanto Canada spokesperson Trish Jordan stressed in an interview. “People don’t settle out of court if they haven’t done anything wrong,” she said.

The ban on the four Ontario farmers marks the first time Monsanto has implemented its “Violator Exclusion Policy,” Monsanto said in an Oct. 19 stakeholder update.

“Under this policy, violators who do not reach a settlement with Monsanto and whose violation results in Monsanto having to go to court, lose all access to current and future Monsanto technologies.”

ALTERNATIVE OPTIONS

The ban includes Monsanto traits in seed distributed by companies other than Monsanto.

Those four farmers still have cropping options, among them soybean varieties developed by the University of Guelph, said Rene Van Acker, the university’s associate dean of external relations for Ontario Agricultural College.

However, Van Acker said farmers need to think about maintaining a diverse supply of seed and crop development programs. “One for healthy competition and two for a healthy breeding community so there are multiple ideas, multiple approaches,” he said. “I think scientifically that’s healthy.”

Van Acker said he wonders if major seed companies “stacking” traits into crops are undermining competition.

“How much of the market do those companies represent in combination when they are all selling the same seeds together?” he said. “Is that OK? At what point does somebody ask if that’s collusion? And with seed it’s as important as anything else such as software or oil. Seed is in that family of fundamental products for consumers where there needs to be protection of competition and choice.”

Pat Mooney, execut ive director of the ETC Group, which lobbies against seed company concentration, says

the industry is already too concentrated.

“It’s dangerous for the food supply of the country and the world to be so dependent upon so few companies,” he said, especially with climate change occurring.

INDUSTRY CONCENTRATION

According to Mooney in 2007 three firms– Monsanto, DuPont and Syngenta – controlled about half the world’s seed supply. Monsanto accounted for half of that.

Mooney noted Monsanto not only has patented traits, but patented techniques for developing GM crops that prevent other companies from competing with them.

NFU vice-president Terry Boehm said patents aren’t the only problem. Increasingly seed companies are deregistering non-GM open-pollinated canola varieties that farmers can save and grow without having to pay a technical use agreement, he said. Deregistered crops automatically receive the lowest grade making them unprofitable to grow.

“The choices for farmers will become less and less,” he said.

“It has greatly restricted, if not eliminated, the possibility to go back to conventional Argentine canola varieties. They are virtually impossible to find.”

COMPETITION

There’s still lots of competition in the seed business, said Richard Phillips, executive director of the Grain Growers of Canada (GGC). He predicts smaller companies will develop niche crops for specialty markets.

There’s also a role for publicly funded research. The GGC wants the federal government to double its agricultural research budget, Phillips said.

Monsanto wants to discourage farmers from stealing plant genetics, but Phillips said the company should give farmers a second chance if they acknowledge their mistake.

There’s lots of competition in the seed business, according to Jordan. Monsanto has the greatest market share because farmers see Monsanto’s products as providing the most benefit relative to other options, she said.

“It’s our technology,” Jordan said. “We can choose who we wish to sell to and who we don’t. It’s not an automatic that you have access to our technology.” allan@fbcpublishing.com

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“With the industry at an exciting position where the potential for biotechnology and especially bioproducts is immense, we’ll need a well-educated workforce which understands agriculture. Already there are more jobs than employees and unless we do something to alleviate the stereotype that “an agricultural degree is only for farmers, this problem will just get worse.”

Daynard will visit agricul tural col leges and universities in Europe, Australia, New Zealand, South America, China as well as various U. S. states and other Canadian provinces. Part of her time will be spent travelling with other scholars from different countries. She will also attend a Contemporary Scholars Conference in Washington, D. C. in February 2010, which will be attended by scholars from all of the other participating countries.

Karen Daynard hails from Guelph, Ontario, where she

runs her own agricultural communications company,

KD Communications.

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