The aim is to eliminate Manitoba’s wild pig problem. They have a lot of work ahead.

“It’ll probably take most of a decade,” said Wayne Lees, head of Squeal on Pigs in the province. “We will get on top of it.”

Why it matters: Wild pigs don’t have as much foothold in Manitoba as they do in some other provinces, but they are multiplying and hot zones have been identified in some areas.

Members feel their ability to move fast, and have confidence in a goal that some feel is hopeless, comes from their freedom to act.

“We’re not government, so we don’t have to go through all those government hoops to do things,” said Lees, a former chief veterinary officer for the province. “We’re very flexible.”

Squeal on Pigs is organized under the umbrella of the Manitoba Pork Council and receives funding from the hog industry, the federal government and other sources. However, it operates at arm’s-length.

Since its inception, the program has experimented with various trap designs used in the United States to find what works in a harsh northern environment. It then developed made-in-Manitoba solutions.

Squeal on Pigs has developed maps and modelling of sightings. It intends to do battle with the wild pigs, which are a hybrid species produced through the interbreeding of wild boar and escaped domestic pigs.

At the Manitoba Pork Council annual general meeting in April 2023, the initiative reported that the public reported 127 sightings in 2022, and 122 pigs were hunted or trapped.

Regional differences

Other provinces do it differently.

In Alberta, the agriculture department has taken the lead in the wild pig fight. Its key contact person organizes county authorities to co-ordinate local efforts.

In Saskatchewan, the government’s crop insurance agency runs the control program.

Ontario mostly combats wild pigs through its natural resources department, although its focus is on escaped pigs rather than wild ones.

British Columbia is starting control efforts, in which the agriculture department works with the Canadian Council on Invasive Species.

Lees thinks Manitoba’s model, with industry organizing control efforts, is a definite advantage for the coming struggle to eradicate the pest species.

“We can operate pretty independently and very quickly because that’s how industry operates,” said Lees.

– Ed White is a reporter for The Western Producer.

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Earlier this year, American authorities started requiring a veterinary export certificate for certain cull sows coming out of Manitoba, following a rise in Seneca Valley virus cases at U.S. packing plants, said Jenelle Hamblin, Manitoba Pork’s director of swine health.

Why it matters: The relatively low-impact Seneca Valley virus mimics diseases that would have serious trade and animal health implications.

Seneca Valley virus does not have serious veterinary implications, but it shares symptoms with much more worrisome illnesses like foot and mouth disease. If animals arrive at processing sites with these symptoms, an investigation is triggered to rule out the weightier diseases, Hamblin said.

Starting in September, all sows from one assembly yard in Manitoba had to be inspected and signed off by a veterinarian before they could cross the border, but finding a veterinarian to come out regularly was a challenge due to biosecurity issues. There was a temporary shipping pause as those logistics were ironed out, Hamblin said.

While the policy impacted one site, Manitoba Pork became concerned that the certification requirement would be widely applied to assembly yards. If it had, Hamblin said, export of cull sows would have ground to a halt due to the resources required to inspect and certify the operations.

Hamblin said she’s “cautiously optimistic” that the requirement won’t be expanded to more yards.

“We have not heard of [Seneca Valley virus] cases recently, but that doesn’t mean that we need to stop being diligent.”

Those at the affected yard are working with authorities to determine a timeline for removal of the requirement, Hamblin added.

Last summer, the U.S. Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service halted shipments from two Manitoba assembly yards for about a week due to the virus.

At the time, Manitoba Pork told the Co-operator that industry protocols were in place to control the virus and get trade back on track. Manitoba Pork, the Canadian Food Inspection Agency and provincial veterinary authorities worked with shippers and their American customers on the strategy.

Hamblin advised producers to maintain a high level of biosecurity while shipping, particularly at assembly yards and abattoirs. She also urged them to speak to a veterinarian on Seneca Valley virus symptoms to watch for and to avoid animals that exhibited any of those signs.

The post Seneca Valley virus causes headaches for pork sector appeared first on Manitoba Co-operator.

While he expects Manitoba’s feed grain harvest to provide some relief to feed prices for pork producers, Dahl also mentioned Russia’s invasion of Ukraine, the African swine fever situation in China and growing protectionism in the U.S. as factors that can upend the industry.

“There’s a lot of volatility and a lot of uncertainty. I think, at this time, we are seeing positive margins in market hogs. But earlier this year, that was definitely not the case and we’ve seen significant volatility in the market,” he said. “It would be my assessment that that uncertainty and volatility is going to be with us for some time.”

However, one bright spot for the Manitoba pork industry was last summer’s expansion of Winkler Meats, 110 km southwest of Winnipeg. A joint venture between Manitoba-based farm management services firm the Progressive Group and U.S. sausage company Johnsonville, the $52.8 million project, partially funded by the federal and provincial governments, will add 155 local jobs.

The expansion follows the openings of the Maple Leaf Foods bacon processing plant in Winnipeg in 2021 as well as Topigs Norsvin’s Innova Canada nucleus farm near Plumas northwest of Winnipeg last year.

“Because we’re seeing that critical mass of hog production in Manitoba, we’re seeing that investment come to our province, to our economy. Building jobs and building community, it’s a very big thing,” Dahl said. “To have that ability to cull sows in Manitoba as opposed to moving them into the U.S., that takes a significant risk out of the equation.”

Pork is also becoming more attractive for Canadian consumers. According to Statistics Canada, prices for fresh and frozen pork products went down six per cent from July to August and 0.9 per cent year-by-year.

While prices can fluctuate, the price differential between pork and beef is more important, Dahl said. Beef prices went up 2.4 per cent from July to August and 11.9 per cent over the past year.

“What we’re seeing is the differential between beef and pork grow and that should bolster demand especially at a time of very high food inflation,” he said.

Manitoba Pork has performed biosecurity assessments at approximately 200 hog sites, according to Dahl, while producers must also follow more than 100 requirements before delivering animals to federally-inspected plants.

Before Manitobans go to the polls to decide their next provincial government on Oct. 3, Dahl wants political parties and voters to recognize the economic and community benefits of the industry.

“We recently had an economic study done that shows the pork sector contributes over 22,000 jobs, directly and indirectly, to the provincial economy. $2.3 billion worth of GDP every year, which is 3.5 per cent of Manitoba’s GDP,” he said, later summarizing his pitch with four points.

“Building community, our contributions to the economy and jobs, the large strides that have been made in environmental sustainability and manure management, and the rigorous animal care.”

— Adam Peleshaty reports for MarketsFarm from Stonewall, Man.

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As Amy te Plate-Church, presenter at the Manitoba Pork Council’s most recent annual meeting said, “lead with values” in the debate about industrial hog methods of raising pigs.

Let’s do that.

The crux of this value debate lies in the reality of how pre-industrial and non-industrial farmers value and raise pigs as opposed to industrial pork meat production. To be efficient, modern and open for business, the vertically integrated hog factory system and Brandon slaughter plant was welcomed to Manitoba in the late 1990s by the Filmon Conservative government, to the detriment of pig, farmer and worker welfare.

Back then, most pigs were raised by farmers who had a much different set of values than the industry at almost every level.

Most farmers respected how each pig is an intelligent individual that needs to move, interact with other pigs in familial relationships, root in soil, sleep in straw, wallow in mud and have enriched physical, social and psychological lives.

Raising pigs this way isn’t viewed as efficient or modern by industrial standards. That’s because the industry’s underlying values are profit-seeking at the expense of eight million Manitoba pigs annually suffering, which can’t be mitigated or ameliorated in any meaningful way despite industry claims and the development of codes of care.

Prior to industrialization of pork production, farmers could make a living with few pigs per farm and no or minimal environmental damage from too many nutrients concentrated on too small a land base (characteristic of industrial production) because they had created a marketing board to negotiate reasonable prices with the big buyers for their pigs.

Maple Leaf Foods wanted this market power destroyed. Government obliged.

“Consumers do want real meat, milk and eggs from humanely treated animals,” te Plate-Church said. “They’re just not sure if they’re humanely treated. And that’s our opportunity to close that gap and provide that information.”

The hog industry continually asserts that its method of raising pigs is humane and has always operated with high standards in animal welfare, environmental stewardship and treatment of its workers.

Why then is the industry required to eventually eliminate gestation crates for sows (with a later proposal to push back the initial 2024 deadline)? If production methods were humane, as the industry always claimed, why the change?

It is not new animal welfare studies that precipitated the move. Veterinarians with values that coincide with those of farmers spoke out 25 years ago when the industry was taking hold in Manitoba, clearly showing that sows kept in row after row of narrow cages, where all they can do is stand up and lie down on bare concrete, eat, defecate, go insane and, when ready to give birth, be moved to another crate to farrow and nurse their young piglets, is a brutal life no sow should have to endure.

Those who share this value (including people who choose to not eat meat) also understand that the industrial model that moves sows into breeding crates after piglets are weaned and, when bred, puts them back into gestation crates, is standard industry practice. It is inherent systemic cruelty that cannot be ameliorated. It is a cycle of sow suffering that continues their whole short lives as piglet-producing factories.

Boars too are kept in cages their entire lives until moved out briefly for semen collection or to breed sows trapped in breeding cages. Weaned pigs to be fed until big enough to be killed for meat are raised in groups, but they are in pens, hundreds of animals crammed together, living on concrete floors over manure pits emitting toxic gases inhaled with every breath. When ventilation systems fail, pigs quickly die.

Workers breathing these fumes can suffer from serious respiratory problems. Some have died working with manure pits. Air ventilated from these barns contains toxic chemicals including hydrogen sulfide, causing health and serious odour concerns for neighbours.

How can the industry’s claim that pig and human welfare are valued be the least bit credible?

Unfortunately, the industry is not what it markets itself as, and speakers like te Plate-Church twist, distort and minimize the true harms and costs of industrial pig production. All the “value-led” marketing to convince the public that industrial pork production is farming and reflects the values of farmers and consumers who want humanely raised meat will not change the reality of how the industry produces pigs.

At least for this farmer, industry does not and can never reflect my values, which includes proper care of people, pigs and the environment.

Ruth Pryzner
Alexander, Man.

The post Letters: Pork should lead with values appeared first on Manitoba Co-operator.

As a matter of fact, water usage estimates in swine production were introduced at the 2007 hearings by the Manitoba CEC (Clean Environment Commission). Also, a study by DGH Engineering put the estimated water use by type of operation and function at 89.5 litres per sow per day, just about the same estimate that the MPC (Manitoba Pork Council) tried to hide in their submission to the CEC. 

The CEC actually commissioned a study on total water use. The CEC’s final 2007 report found that total use by hog inventories was almost three times the amount of water that MPC claimed. 

Now, 16 years later, the factory hog barns have increased by over 60 per cent. Yes, it’s past time for governments to deal with the ‘factory water hogs’ in Manitoba. 

John Fefchak
Virden, Man.

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On April 13, the Manitoba Pork Council said it would give $150,000 over three years to Harvest Manitoba. The money will be used by rural food banks to purchase both more freezers and an amount of ground pork, the organization said.

“While our job is to provide high-quality, affordable protein to the world, Manitoba pork producers are also committed to helping ensure food security here at home,” said council chair Rick Préjet.

“We are proud to partner with Harvest Manitoba, a remarkable organization that will help us connect with communities across the province and ensure that those who are experiencing food insecurity have access to high-quality protein from right here in Manitoba.”

The council said 15 to 20 food banks in rural centres will benefit from the funds. The money will “provide food banks with the opportunity to expand their food offerings to patrons and ensure that they receive a food item that is always in short supply – a complete and nutritious protein,” an April 13 statement read.

Food bank demand rose sharply in 2022 in Manitoba and nation-wide in the face of ballooning food price inflation.

According to Harvest Manitoba’s 2021-22 gratitude report’, which provides statistics and outlines major activities of the organization, Harvest Manitoba experienced “unprecedented volumes” during the report’s window.

In March last year, the report noted, Harvest Manitoba saw its highest ever demand, with about 14,000 hampers delivered that month. It was a 40 per cent increase from the previous year.

Compared to 2019, food banks in Manitoba saw twice as much traffic, Harvest Manitoba’s Harvest Voices 2022 report said, and about a quarter of users (50 per cent more than in 2021) had jobs but were still unable to make ends meet.

The organization estimates that it now feeds about 90,000 Manitobans a month. Of the 194 member food banks covered by the network in 2021-22, 82 were rural.

The freezers and pork from the council-given funds “will allow food banks across Manitoba to provide nutritious protein to Manitobans in need,” said Harvest Manitoba’s president and CEO Vince Barletta.

“The ongoing and sustained support of Manitoba Pork helps Harvest keep up with the unprecedented demand for food across our province.”

The pork council is an “important and valued partner” for his organization, Barletta added. The producer group has contributed ground pork to the organization on a periodic basis.

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The Brandon college has announced that a new Swine Production Foundations program will soon join the catalogue.

Why it matters: Workers will be able to access industry knowledge and education on best practices without the need to take a scheduled, in-person class.

The program was developed in collaboration with the pork council and will include the latest information on health and safety, operating regulations, record keeping and barn systems and maintenance, the college said.

[RELATED] Public increasingly positive on hog sector, says Manitoba Pork

Tim Hore, dean of ACC’s Russ Edwards School of Agriculture and the Environment, said the program will “meet the needs of modern animal care standards and address workforce needs.”

“The program will train the next generation of hog farmers and swine technicians to uphold the strong animal care standards the hog sector is responsible for,” he said.

Pork council chair Rick Préjet said course content will largely echo previous programming, albeit with updates to reflect changed industry standards.

The biggest change will be in course delivery. The college said the new program will be offered digitally and will be self-directed.

That will better mesh with the schedules of students, many of whom are already working in the pork sector, Préjet said. The pork council noted poor uptake with the previous program, part of which was blamed on difficulty finding time to take an in-person course.

“It’s much more flexible for producers to take and for employees to take,” Préjet said. “That was the key. It’s online. It’s more individualized as far as when you want to get onto it.”

Producers will be better able to tailor course content, prioritizing the modules that reflect their jobs, he added.

“It was not necessarily everybody who was interested in learning about … genetics for example, if they were working in a certain part of the barn where that’s not their main interest,” he said. “Breaking it up that way was a big part of getting it to the point we are today.”

The program is expected to be of particular interest to independent producers and new farm workers. Those from vertically integrated operations are not excluded, Préjet said, but many larger companies have their own in-house education opportunities.

“I think the big thing is to have consistency on the messaging on everything … just so everybody’s really on the same page at the end of the day.”

First intakes to the program are expected in December.

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While not a serious disease in and of itself, Seneca Valley virus shares symptoms with much more worrisome threats such as foot and mouth disease.

Cam Dahl, general manager of the Manitoba Pork Council, said animals shipped from the sites had developed snout and foot lesions. Symptoms were detected in late July, sparking an investigation by the Canadian Food Inspection Agency (CFIA).

In response, the U.S. Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service paused southbound shipments from the two assembly yards.

The border remained closed for about a week, until the CFIA concluded the problem was Seneca Valley virus, Dahl said. Restrictions were lifted and healthy sows were cleared to continue south for processing. Shipments restarted Aug. 8.

In the same family as much more serious diseases, including foot and mouth disease (FMD), Seneca Valley virus causes blistering lesions on animal snouts and around hoofs, similar to FMD. Suspected cases are thus reported to veterinary authorities for investigation.

Manitoba’s Office of the Chief Veterinary Officer classifies Seneca Valley virus as “a relatively common disease circulating in pigs within some states and provinces in North America.

“However, the clinical signs related to SVV cannot be distinguished from other federally and provincially vesicular foreign animal diseases (FADs), including foot-and-mouth disease, vesicular stomatitis and swine vesicular disease, which are reportable trade-limiting FADs in pigs, until diagnostic testing is complete,” the CVO said in an email to the Co-operator.

Production impact

The week-long pause was enough to build up a significant number of cull sows, Dahl noted.

“There were pigs that were held and then, of course, suddenly they’re not and those have to get moved out to the U.S., and then the yards (must be) cleaned and disinfected,” he said.

The pork council has cited the yards’ importance to the cull market, since the number of cull sows brought to market each week significantly outweighs Western Canada’s processing capacity for them, Dahl said.

However, he said the result could have been much worse had shipments been delayed much longer. U.S. authorities had initially targeted a 60-day border closure.

“Fortunately, we did get the agreement in place and these animals could move before animal welfare became a concern,” said Dahl.

Industry protocols were put in place to control the virus and get trade back on track. Manitoba Pork, the CFIA and provincial veterinary authorities worked with shippers and their American customers on the strategy, which Dahl equated to existing biosecurity and sanitation requirements against PED (porcine epidemic diarrhea).

The province has been fighting an outbreak of that illness since fall 2021.

Affected assembly yards are now in the process of decontamination. Dahl said the council is hopeful the sites will soon start receiving pigs again.

Manitoba Pork is also putting new emphasis on the importance of shipping only healthy animals, and will be providing outreach on the signs of Seneca Valley virus and the steps to be taken if any animals exhibit symptoms.

The post Seneca Valley virus pauses cull sow shipments appeared first on Manitoba Co-operator.

The council, with support from the provincial and federal government, has become the latest to launch a Squeal on Pigs campaign, echoing similar programs in Montana, Alberta, Washington, Oregon and Idaho.

Launched May 9, the project creates a centralized channel for the public to report wild pigs, as well as providing information on the invasive species, their impact, and identifying signs to watch for.

Why it matters: Infamous for ecological and agricultural damage in the southern U.S. — to an estimated total of US$1.5 billion in damage each year — Canada’s exploding wild pig population has raised increasing alarm.

The province is at an “ecological and environmental crossroads” on the wild pig issue, according to Dr. Wayne Lees, former chief veterinary officer for the province and co-ordinator of the Manitoba Invasive Swine Eradication Project. 

“Part of the reason for launching the campaign is to raise awareness in Manitoba about the wild pig issue and try to gain more information about where these wild pigs are located,” he said.

The eradication project was announced in early 2022 and includes the Squeal on Pigs campaign under its umbrella. 

Wild pigs have garnered particular concern from the ag industry, given potential crop loss, field and pasture rooting damage and, in the case of the pork sector, disease transmission.

“Wild pigs are vectors for dozens of diseases, including those that would have a devastating impact on domestic pigs. We cannot allow wild pigs to gain a further foothold in our province and put not only our provincial hog sector at risk, but our provincial economy at risk as well,” Manitoba Pork Council chair Rick Préjet said.

Last year, the province confirmed that it was looking at Squeal on Pigs, following the launch of an international wild swine working group in 2020, which highlighted the program in other jurisdictions. 

The spread of the invasive species in Manitoba has gained attention in recent years, driven by work such as the Canadian Wild Pig Research Project. That initiative, spearheaded by the University of Saskatchewan’s Ryan Brook, has sought to map wild pig range and behaviour across the country.

According to the project’s mapping, most municipalities in southwestern Manitoba had, at some point, shown signs of wild pigs, while no major geographic region could claim to have never had an incursion of the animals. Spruce Woods Provincial Park is considered the province’s main hot zone, with 96 per cent of all reports stemming from the region.

There is an active eradication program in that hot zone, according to Lees.

His program has drawn from Brook’s data, Lees said, but added that he hopes the Squeal on Pigs campaign will add a more current, rather than historical, overview of wild pig populations and distribution.

“If we’re going to mount an eradication campaign, we’re going to have to have up-to-date information in terms of where people are seeing these pigs now,” Lees said.

Eradication, however, is easier said than done. In 2019, the pork council launched a volunteer-based control program in western Manitoba, but found that the labour and resources needed outstripped what could be brought to bear at that time. Similar programs were supported in following years.

Experts have widely noted the difficulties of wild pig control, with the animals notoriously elusive, hard to trap, quick to adapt, and quick to reproduce. Hunting, likewise, has been met by skepticism from experts, who warn that hunting may only scatter groups of pigs and ultimately spread the problem. “We’re looking to use the lessons that we learn from this project to expand the control and eradication efforts through the rest of the province,” Lees said.

A website and toll-free phone line have been launched as part of Manitoba’s Squeal on Pigs efforts. The public can report sightings at squealonpigsmb.org or 1-833-SPOT-PIG (1-833-776-8744).

The post Squeal on Pigs gets loud on wild swine appeared first on Manitoba Co-operator.

Unlike zoning, in which authorities lay out control zones once disease is detected, the compartmentalization program would create rigorously monitored ASF-free ‘compartments’ to operate within the value chain as a matter of course — well before ASF would be found.

The idea, CPC veterinary counsellor Dr. Egan Brockhoff said, would be to create bubbles that could continue to do business freely, even within an ASF control zone. Operations or cross-sections of the sector would apply for compartment status, and would be audited to ensure management meets the standards set out on biosecurity, testing, etc.

Anything from outside a designated compartment is therefore treated as if it is an active risk for ASF, regardless of if the disease has ever been found domestically.

“The national compartments program is designed as if ASF is already present, so there’s no changes required when disease occurs,” Brockhoff said. “Our goal when we started this was to achieve zero downtime.”

Why it matters: The pork sector hopes the voluntary compartmentalization program will dodge market disruptions should the worst happen on ASF.

The Canadian Pork Council (CPC) and Canadian Food Inspection Agency unveiled the full framework and standards March 18.

The documents are the work of two years of consultation, Brockhoff said.

The vision, Brockhoff said, would be a voluntary compartmentalization program to work in concert with zoning agreements, all in an effort to decrease market disruption, should ASF be found on Canadian soil.

“As we’ve looked at other countries around the world that have been infected by African swine fever that have robust zoning agreements, we still see a significant market disruption,” he said. “And so we’re really focusing on a program here that can help us protect business continuity.”

What are the rules?

The extensive standards document would cover four areas — biosecurity, surveillance, traceability and segregation, webinar attendees heard.

Each level of production within a compartment must be assigned a health unit (for example, a single barn or age group of pigs), for which a unique mortality threshold must be set. Standards then lay out the procedure for investigation and testing, should mortalities exceed that threshold.

Compartments must also submit a feed plan as part of their application, including a plan to mitigate the risk of feed exposure to wild pigs and a risk assessment of all “pathways for the introduction of ASF.”

Other rules include forbidding workers within a compartment from keeping any of their own swine, vehicle disinfection when re-entering a compartment, tightened rules around traffic zones and service provider access, as well as weekly tests and other requirements for boars coming into an AI centre from outside a compartment. The program would also tighten the timeline for reporting animal movement to PigTrace (down from seven days to 48 hours), require that animals from within compartments remain physically separate in high-traffic facilities where there are other pigs and require that animals delivered for processing be slaughtered within 36 hours, among other rules around cleaning, segregated meat storage, meat traceability, etc.

Industry reaction

The standards are stringent for day-to-day operations, said Cam Dahl, general manager of the Manitoba Pork Council. At the same time, he said, they must be so.

Much of Manitoba’s pork sector relies on export, he noted, making consistent market access in the face of a disease threat critical to the health of the sector.

By that measure, the idea of a compartment able to maintain trade, even in an area with active ASF cases, is very attractive to the council.

“Yes, there would be a requirement for considerable management, considerable biosecurity protocols in place,” he said. “Yes, there’s large requirements in place, but that’s to be expected.

“It wouldn’t be easy to do. It’s difficult. It would cost money. It would cost a lot of management effort, but we would be able to keep shipping product, and that’s the key outcome we’re looking for.”

Another major issue involves service providers, he acknowledged.

Brockhoff advised that service providers attending multiple compartments would have to, themselves, apply as an independent certified facility under the program.

Further complications would arise if some of that service provider’s customers were within a compartment, while others were not.

While the framework and standards leave room for free business between compartments, any operation not associated with a compartment would be considered a disease risk under the framework.

“We absolutely have to include everyone that comes onto the farm into the discussions and around biosecurity,” Dahl said. “When it comes to operations that might be looking to service barns both inside and outside of a compartment, I think that would be difficult. It would require the operation in the compartment to make adjustments.”

Of the several service providers, processors and other pork companies contacted by the Manitoba Co-operator, only Maple Leaf Foods provided comment.

The company supports efforts to create a national compartmentalization framework and standards, a representative said in an emailed statement.

“Canadian efforts to develop an ASF compartmentalization program represent global leadership in ASF control,” they said. “A compartmentalization standard will be essential in enabling our company and other members of Canada’s pork industry to continue trading in pork in the event African swine fever occurs in Canada.”

The company is reviewing the documents and expects to submit comments by the June deadline.

The framework will not be for every operator in the pork sector, Brockhoff acknowledged.

That said, he added that there are several Canadian companies that have expressed serious interest in applying as a compartment.

The Manitoba Pork Council does not see any immediately pressing issues in the standards that they feel need to be addressed, Dahl said. In general, however, he expects the documents will see some amendments.

“This is closer to the beginning of the conversation than the end of it,” he said.

Full text of the proposed framework and standards have been published on the CPC website. Comments on the compartments program can be submitted by email at cfia.ASFCompartments-CompartimentsPPA.acia@inspection.gc.ca.

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