Those living and farming around Riding Mountain National Park are all too familiar with the kind of havoc water rushing downstream creates.

With the steepest slopes in the province in their region, Inter-Mountain Conservation District officials say they have water and soil erosion problems — and then some,

Currently, they have almost $1 million worth of applications on file for projects to stabilize streams and fix erosion washouts, said IMCD manager Jeff Thiele told the Manitoba Conservation Districts Association last week.

“It’s just unbelievable. The situation is serious,” he said.

But they’re tackling the root of the problem too, as demonstrated by the recent construction of two dry dams that will slow water released from the higher elevations of Riding Mountain.

The IMCD has given special recognition recently to the farmer who agreed to hold that water on his land.

The water retention dams are constructed on land owned by Boris and Karen Michaleski, who farm southwest of Dauphin, in the Keld area.

With support from Growing Forward 2 funding and assistance like culvert donations from the Municipality of Gilbert Plains, IMCD staff worked with the Michaleski to construct two water-retention dams that will temporarily hold water on their farm fields during peak flows.

The sites include one smaller and one larger site, both which will hold water on their fields during peak flows, then slowly release it downstream.

“We’re actually flooding his grain land,” said Thiele. “How many producers do you know that would let us flood their wheat crop?”

The IMCD awarded the Michaleskis with a 2016 Conservation District Award last week, a distinction CDs offer to local landowners who exemplify good environmental practices that related to the vision of the MCDA.

Thiele said what they’re especially pleased about at IMCD is that they’ve not got a local site for field tours to explain the concept of temporary water hold back to other landowners. They want to take this proactive approach and build more dams in future, he said. But they need sites to demonstrate what and why they’re doing this.

“A lot of people learn by seeing, not just by talking,” Thiele said. “I find this is really a hard concept to understand and to explain to people.”

Boris Michaleski said the project is new so it remains to be seen how long water will actually flood their field. The dams were constructed this year.

“I’m expecting during peak flows it might hold water up to four or five days,” he said.

He’s willing to have that happen because he sees gains in the bigger picture, and says involvement with the local CD and initiatives like the Dauphin Lake Integrated Watershed Management Plan (IWMP) have helped him see the merits of holding water on land temporarily.

“I know drainage is critical to agricultural production but just continuously draining land and not managing that water creates other problems,” he said.

“I think we have to look at the whole picture when we approach drainage and water management and this is one of those ways. We can still have drainage but try to mitigate some of those negatives by having dry dams and other storage projects.”

Thiele said when the dry dam projects were underway they sent up drones to get aerial views of the construction sites. That was an eye opener.

There are massive volumes of water sitting at the higher elevations just inside Riding Mountain National Park boundary.

Thiele said the even bigger accomplishment that will come from these dry dam projects is ultimately changing our ways of thinking about water management.

He brought photos of a repeated road washout near Mineral Creek. It’s been rebuilt about five times in recent years using Disaster Financial Assistance (DFA), he said, adding that his own mother, who attended the school just up that road in the 1950s, notably doesn’t recall those kinds of repeated washouts occurring there.

“So something has changed there,” he said. “The result is sky high costs to municipalities and DFA programs, not to mention the environmental costs of sedimentation, flooding and water quality into Lake Dauphin and beyond.”

The IMCD has an ambitious plan to eventually reduce peak flows by 10 per cent in their area, Thiele continued.

“We want to be proactive and spend some money up stream doing water retention dams before the damages happen.”

The post Farm-based dry dams to help reduce downstream flooding appeared first on Manitoba Co-operator.

Water lays in the pastures and fields along the Upper Assiniboine River downstream from the Shellmouth Dam.

Cliff Trinder, who runs a cattle operation with 32 miles of river frontage near Russell, describes the situation as “a mess” and says it’s high time the province dealt with the situation instead of perpetually kicking the can down the road.

“We need to sit down and come up with some solutions and agreements about what we are going to do up here,” Trinder said recently.

Without action, landowners like him will be left to pick up the frequent and hefty tab for the actions of others, he said.

“I am hugely impacted,” Trinder said. “A small flood will cost me half a million dollars in reconstruction and direct losses, and after so many years of constant flooding my pastures look like wasteland. The ground is so saturated that you can’t even drive a quad on it.”

• Read more: Manitoba flood compensation uncertain and slow
• Read more: Three options on the table for flooded farmland

An estimated 50,000 acres along the banks of the Assiniboine, from the Shellmouth Dam to St. Lazare, are said to be at risk of flooding every spring, and over the past decade it has reached crisis proportions, says Stan Chochrane, chairman of the Assiniboine Valley Producers and a grain and cattle farmer who operates just outside the Sioux Valley Dakota Nation near Griswold.

“Around 2006-07, we started to have floods nearly every year. It has been a financial hardship, plus it has taken a lot of effort to try and manage a farm when a portion of your land is getting flooded all the time,” Cochrane said.

The dam

At the heart of the issue is the Shellmouth Dam, holding back the Lake of the Prairies.

As far back as the 1920s the province began to look at flood mitigation strategies, and following a study conducted in 1950, it was concluded that the creation of a reservoir at Lake of the Prairies, along with the Portage Diversion, would be the most feasible solution.

Construction of the Shellmouth Dam was completed in 1972 and has since been operated by Manitoba Infrastructure (MIT) as an on-stream reservoir.

“We operate the facility in consultation with a group known as the Shellmouth Liaison Committee and we have regular conference calls with it during the operational period of the dam,” said Doug McMahon, assistant deputy minister with MIT’s water management and structures division.

The Shellmouth Liaison Committee consists of upstream and downstream stakeholders, including agricultural interests, the City of Brandon, Portage la Prairie and Winnipeg, as well as local residents and conservation districts.

Trinder and Cochrane are both members of the committee, representing affected agriculture interests.

Farmers with property along the river frontage say they expect to see flooding in times of increased spring run-off or high levels of precipitation but they are frustrated as they feel in many cases flooding could be avoided with better management of the dam.

“In 2010, 2012 and 2014, farmers had seeded all the way to Brandon and all of those years they lost those crops in summer floods because the dam did not have the capacity to catch the summer rains because they did not operate the dam properly in the spring,” Trinder said.

McMahon says that along with water flow measurements and forecasts, operators also have to focus on the level of water within the reservoir, which affects when the dam is released.

“It is a delicate balancing act managing the facility,” McMahon said. “We have aggressively drawn that reservoir down in the last half a dozen years in anticipation of spring run-off but once it is full, we have to release it.”

Artificial flooding

Nobody disagrees that a full reservoir has to be drained or that rainfall has to go somewhere. What local landowners contend is the decisions have been made with the interests of the provincial budget in mind, not local landowners.

In 2010, the province passed the Shellmouth Dam Act, which stipulates that the province is only responsible for flood compensation in times of artificial flooding.

“The operation of the dam has become so much worse since that legislation came into effect,” Trinder said.

It caused the province to attempt to match inflow and outflow and sets the stage for emergency outflows later in the season well after peak water should be an issue, he said.

“When the summer rains come, they have no control because they haven’t put out what they should have earlier in the season,” Trinder said.

Cochrane agrees, saying the definition of artificial flooding has hampered the province from releasing water from the dam at more appropriate times that would allow for downstream producers to have a better chance of recovering.

“Right now the province does a very poor job of managing the dam because they have these operational guidelines,” Cochrane said. “They will not let more water out of the dam than is coming in because that is considered artificial flooding.”

McMahon says this year the reservoir had been drawn down to a fairly low level already and MIT did not have the opportunity to release more water because there is a limit to how far down the facility can be drawn down.

“Essentially, there is only so much water in that reservoir and certainly if there is an opportunity to reduce it, we have done that in the past,” McMahon said.

“This is a moderately sized reservoir and there is only so much we can do with that.”

Upstream

Although timing of the dam release and compensation may be contentious issues, both residents and provincial experts agree on the challenge that comes with predicting the Shellmouth Dam’s inflows.

McMahon says the Upper Assiniboine Basin is the most challenging basin in the province to accurately forecast.

“About 75 per cent of the Assiniboine River Basin comes from outside Manitoba,” McMahon said. “So, it can be very challenging in wet years to operate the facility to the satisfaction to all of the interests.”

“There is a lot of speculation over how changing land use is changing the hydrology in that part of the basin,” McMahon continued. “Our forecasting methods rely on a lot of historical values and soil conditions but if we have changing land uses, it will certainly impact the forecasting accuracy.”

Both Trinder and Cochrane have no doubt that increased drainage in Saskatchewan has caused a dramatic rise in water flows moving into the province.

“Manitoba is underestimating the flows because of the situation with agricultural and infrastructural drainage in Saskatchewan. The inflow numbers are so far out of whack,” Trinder said. “Saskatchewan’s land drainage is out of control, unmeasured, and still increasing.”

McMahon says that the Saskatchewan Water Security Agency does not do a lot of forecasting in Assiniboine River Basin, as there are not a lot of ramifications down stream for them, so there is little data on water volumes, but notes the two provinces recently inked a memorandum of understanding to talk about the problem.

In the meantime, Trinder and Cochrane, along with a number of residents on the river frontage, anxiously wait to see what position the newly instated Manitoba government will take on the issues that surround the Shellmouth Dam.

“Right now there has been no change in the government contacts we have within the liaison committee. But, I am really hoping this new government will have a different attitude about this whole situation,” Cochrane said.

The post Frustrations rising along the river’s edge appeared first on Manitoba Co-operator.

“One was the addition of the spillway gates, buying out lower-laying agricultural lands that are subject to frequent flooding and they also looked at constructing linear dikes down the river,” MIT’s Doug McMahon said.

Spillway gates and downriver dikes were non-starters. The gates wouldn’t have the desired effect without changes to the structure’s operating guidelines and the dikes were deemed too expensive, leaving the buyout option the best one on the table.

“The downstream buyout was the most cost efficient and would also provide more operational flexibility for the facility,” McMahon said.

Cliff Trinder agrees it’s probably the best option available.

“I do believe that the province needs to own the floodplain from Shellmouth Dam to St. Lazare,” Trinder said. “This would allow the operator to use the Shellmouth outflows to capacity to keep the dam in control and provide some flood protection.”

Cochrane isn’t in favour of it but believes the province will most likely buy out the low-lying land as it comes with the smallest price tag. But he says it isn’t a solution he likes.

“Why are we allowing Saskatchewan to drain all of the land and make more farmland and then we are willing to buy out a bunch of farmers and turn a whole bunch of our land into wasteland just to dump water in?” Cochrane asked.

The post Three options on the table for flooded farmland appeared first on Manitoba Co-operator.

Outflow from the dam was increased last week from approximately 1,900 cfs in two stages up to 3,000 cfs.  An additional increase in discharge will result in a 3,500 cfs flow.

Water level increases as a result of these two flow increases will be between two to three feet from the Shellmouth Dam to St. Lazare. This may be affected by other streams that flow into the Assiniboine River downstream of the dam. The higher outflows will result in some overbank flooding along the upper Assiniboine River and will result in some flooding of low-lying agricultural land between the reservoir and St. Lazare.

Based on current forecasted weather conditions, the highest water level between the dam and Brandon is expected in the first week of May.

Without the dam, flows on the Assiniboine River in the vicinity of the dam would be significantly higher at approximately 10,600 cfs.

The operating guidelines for Shellmouth Dam and Reservoir call for outflows to be increased to keep water levels from exceeding the top of the reservoir spillway. Higher outflows now will slow the rate at which the reservoir water level is rising and preserve storage space on the reservoir for the growing season. The additional space also allows the dam and reservoir to be used to capture run-off from summer storms and to prevent potential flooding later in the year during the growing season.

The Shellmouth Dam and Reservoir are operated in consultation with the Shellmouth Reservoir Regulation Liaison Committee. The committee has been meeting on a regular basis to discuss and advise on operations.

The post Province increases Shellmouth Reservoir outflows appeared first on Manitoba Co-operator.

Stan Cochrane, who farms near Griswold, told the Keystone Agricultural Producers advisory meeting here April 21 that affected farmers won’t be reimbursed for damages from the province’s actions which will flood tens of thousands of acres.

“What I am asking today is that KAP support some kind of program to pay these people,” said Cochrane, who is president of the Assiniboine Valley Producers Association. “I don’t think it’s fair that these people thought two weeks ago they were going to seed a crop and they bought the seed and fertilizer and they can’t use it now.”

The Manitoba government decided to release more water because with rising levels it would soon run over the dam’s spillway, he said. He and other producers in the area feel the province has waited too long.

Earlier in the year they were urging provincial officials to lower the water level of the reservoir, because they feared the spring melt would see a surge of water come from Saskatchewan. Cochrane says the timing of provincial actions resulted in the problem producers are facing and also just happened to negate the possibility of provincial compensation.

“If we had let water out three weeks ago, when there was 1,200 cubic feet per second coming into the dam and we let out 2,500, then it would have been an artificial flood and the government would have had to pay those people,”Cochrane said. “Today there’s 10,000 CFS coming into the dam and we are going to let out 3,000 and those people aren’t qualified to get one cent.”

The Manitoba government issued a press release April 21 announcing that as of April 22 the outflow of 1,900 CFS from the Shellmouth Reservoir would be increased to 3,000 in two stages.

“This will result in a water level increase of about two to three feet between the Shellmouth Dam and St. Lazare,” the release said. “This may be affected by other streams that flow into the Assiniboine River downstream of the dam. The higher outflows will result in some overbank flooding along the upper Assiniboine River and will result in some flooding of agricultural land between the reservoir and St. Lazare.”

Had the dam not been there the flooding would be worse, according to the release, with flows of around 10,300 CFS.

Cochrane said he expects high water between the dam and St. Lazare for three to four weeks and doubts the flooded farmers will be able seed.

“You can’t start flooding the land May 1 and expect they are going to do much seeding unless it’s mid June or something,” he said.

There have been previous efforts to compensate Assiniboine Valley farmers for lost production due to flooding, but any compensation paid fell short of covering the losses, Cochrane said.

One proposal was to provide spot-loss crop insurance coverage. Crop insurance payouts are triggered when a farmer’s average yield for a crop falls below coverage. If a farmer lost a field of wheat due to flooding but harvested a bumper crop from other fields a payment might not be triggered.

The current system seems to be designed not to compensate flooded farmers, Cochrane said.

More water is coming from Saskatchewan than there used to be and Cochrane suspects it’s due unregulated drainage.

“I’ve heard, but I don’t know how accurate it is, they drained another 80,000 acres this winter,” he said.

The Shellmouth Reservoir needs to be better operated, he said.

“I think we’ve finally got consensus in the group — maybe it’s because we have a change of government — that everybody is prepared to work together to try and lobby government to do something because we can’t operate the dam the way it is,” Cochrane said. “It doesn’t just jeopardize the farmland, it jeopardizes Brandon, Portage la Prairie, Winnipeg and everyone else.”

The post Timing of reservoir release means no flood compensation for farmers appeared first on Manitoba Co-operator.

“The Assiniboine Valley producers are farming vulnerable, low-lying Assiniboine Valley lands. In the 2011 and 2012 flood years, the inundation of crops was a natural occurrence,” according to a new report by the Department of Manitoba Infrastructure and Transportation.

Department officials created a “what if” model which showed that even if the Shellmouth Reservoir had been lowered to 1,386 feet above sea level — leaving it virtually empty — it would have only reduced run-off from 7,630 cubic feet per second to 6,810 cfs.

“This scenario represents significant flooding for a long duration of Assiniboine Valley producers’ lands with a minor reduction of water levels at all points along the Assiniboine River,” the document stated.

The province has been blamed for the flooding because it kept reservoir levels too high (1,402 above sea level) this spring.

Cliff Trinder, who farms at Millwood and also sits on the Shellmouth Reservoir Operations Liaison Committee, said he wants to see an independent review of the report — which the province has promised to obtain — before commenting on it.

But the report doesn’t absolve the province for failing to find a solution to the situation, he said. For example, the province was urged in 2008 to buy out lands immediately downstream from Shellmouth to gain greater flexibility in dam operations. Had the narrow stretch of the river from Shellmouth to St. Lazare, which has a capacity of 1,500 cfs, been available to officials as a controlled flood plain, much of the farmland further downstream to Brandon could have been spared, he said.

“If they had done that, they could have prevented it,” said Trinder.

However, the province says that option was considered but not deemed feasible.

But Trinder says the way compensation is handled is hindering the effort to find a sensible solution. The Shellmouth Dam Act provides compensation only in cases of “man-made” flooding — but that’s defined as outflows exceeding inflows. (The province says that wasn’t the case this year and “the reservoir did provide flood damage reduction benefits to downstream lands up to July 1.”) Sacrificing 7,000 acres upstream of the dam would cost $2 million in compensation but would have prevented producers from losing an estimated $16 million in farm receipts on 40,000 flooded acres in the valley.

Shellmouth liaison committee member Keith Pearn, whose 2,000 acres of canola and other crops near Virden were still under two feet of water last week, said many valley farmers spent heavily on inputs this season after the province estimated there was only a 10 per cent chance of a flood.

Moreover, the whole situation could have been prevented if the province had moved more quickly on a 2004 plan to install floodgates on the spillway that would add six feet of additional retention capacity, he said.

“It’s been eight years now and nothing has happened. They don’t want to take any responsibility,” said Pearn.

The province said environmental studies of the gates are “still underway,” but construction is expected to start in 2015.

The post Province says Shellmouth flooding couldn’t have been prevented appeared first on Manitoba Co-operator.

Although we are in the Pembina Valley, our problems with water management are

The post Downstream Misery Has Lots Of Company appeared first on Manitoba Co-operator.

Seven municipalities are demanding the Clean Envi ronment Commission investigate the proposal before it is allowed to go ahead.

They say the project, if implemented, will cause extensive erosion, damage cottage developments and hurt local tourism.

The coalition, called the Shellmouth-Assiniboine Valley Economic Development Group (SAVED), involves the towns of Roblin and Russell, the village of Binscarth and the rural municipalities of Shell River, Shellmouth-Boulton, Russell and Silver Creek.

LIMIT LOCAL FLOODING

Alvin Zimmer, who chairs the group, said the province says the proposed project will limit local flooding and enable a more controlled water release to satisfy needs downstream.

“We’re not opposed to southern Manitoba getting more water,” said Zimmer, reeve of the RM of Shellmouth- Boulton. “What we’re opposed to is us getting hurt on this end.”

The Shellmouth Dam is located on the Assiniboine River northwest of Russell just inside the Manitoba- Saskatchewan border. It is a flood control measure built in 1972 to protect downstream communities, including the city of Winnipeg.

The reservoir behind the dam is named Lake of the Prairies. Asessippi Provincial Park is at the southern end of the lake.

The province proposes installing leaf gates in the dam’s spillway to raise its crest by six feet and hold back an additional 70,000 acre-feet of water on the lake.

CONTROLLED RELEASE

Leaf gates are temporary inflatable barriers with a continuous hinge that allows them to be raised or lowered.

The leaf gates would be engaged when incoming flood water exceeds the dam’s capacity to handle it. This would enable officials to release water at a more controlled rate and reduce the risk of downstream flooding, said Steve Topping, executive director of infrastructure and operations for Manitoba Water Stewardship.

It would also improve the water supply to the lower Assiniboine, Topping said.

But Zimmer said higher water levels behind the dam will erode shorelines and r i v e rbank s , j eopa rdi z ing cottage developments which have sprung up around the lake over the past 12 years.

That’s happening now because of already-high water levels behind the dam and will only get worse if the gates are installed, he said.

Zimmer said he knows one person who bought a lake-front lot, built a house on it “and now all he has is ugly shoreline to look at.”

DAMAGED PROPERTY

Raising lake levels further would only create more damage to property, boat-launching facilities and beach areas, he said.

Topping said higher water levels will only be temporary and the lake will be lowered to normal summer levels. “Mitigation efforts” such as docks and erosion controls will protect the shoreline from damage, he said.

The proposal to install leaf gates on the Shellmouth Dam has been around since the early 1990s. But the idea has gained traction in recent years because of chronic flooding caused by a wet weather cycle, said Topping.

Farmers and other downstream landowners complain the dam is the reason why their land gets regularly flooded in spring and summer. This project will give dam operators greater ability to deal with flood events and alleviate downstream problems, Topping said.

Installing the gates under a federal-provincial flood protection agreement which expires in 2014 could be done within a year at a cost of less than $2 million, said Topping.

Zimmer said his group is urging residents to voice concerns and demand the CEC get involved.

Topping said that would probably happen anyway because the province owns the land associated with the project.

“Projects of this significance and importance normally go through the CEC.”

It’s up to the minister of conservation to ask the CEC to review potential environmental impacts which proposed developments may present. ron@fbcpublishing.com

———

“Whatwe’reopposedtoisusgettinghurtonthisend.”

– ALVIN ZIMMER

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Al Dam, poultry specialist for the Ontario Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs (OMAFRA), says he worked 16-hour days, six days a week for six weeks after Pigeon King owner Arlan Galbraith of Waterloo declared bankruptcy last June.

Dam and many others in the poultry industry were swamped by the crisis, phoning for information and being phoned by others. “I had a land line in one ear, a mobile phone in the other and people were passing notes to me,” Dam recalls.

Two days after Galbraith’s surprise decision, the Ontario Farm Animal Council (OFAC) organized a conference call that involved the key players, such as OMAFRA, the Ontario Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals (OSPCA), the poultry-marketing boards and Brian’s Poultry Services Ltd.

This team eventually helped 13 barn owners euthanize about 180,000 pigeons. They drew on the equipment and expertise of the poultry industry, developed over several years of preparing to deal with an outbreak of a foreign animal disease.

Swamped

Even though this was not a disease emergency, and therefore there were no quarantine zones and not much news media attention, the team involved was swamped.

OFAC’s Crystal McKay said the experience has demonstrated that the industry will need more people to deal with a disease outbreak, and they will need thorough training and some practical experience.

The industry needs to go beyond tabletop exercises and to get people out to farms to deal with the practical realities, said several speakers at a meeting organized by OFAC to explain what happened with Pigeon King.

One lesson is that the owners are traumatized and need counselling. Dam said it took more than one visit to explain options, then get the barn owners to sign a contract before the team could get to work helping them euthanize the pigeons.

Dam said he learned that it would be better to get the owners off the farm during euthanization. One owner broke down and cried. Another went into a panic, then into a drinking binge and ended up passing out.

Dam and the others agreed that counselling ought to be available to farmers before and after a depopulation; some of the staff involved in these situations also need counselling. He said every member of the team on Pigeon King got sick at some point during the six weeks, but not with the same symptoms or disease.

Valuable trials

Dam said the trials Egg Farmers of Ontario did with euthanizing flocks of spent hens proved valuable. “You could tell they knew how to do things.”

That included catching pigeons in the dark and loading them into the mobile euthanizing chamber, about 2,000 birds per lot. It took about 15 minutes to kill them, then they were dumped out of the pullet carriers and left for the farmers to dispose. About half of them chose to bury their birds and the other half composted them.

McKay congratulated OMAFRA for quickly posting technical information on its website, and updating it as quickly as new and better information became available.

The OSCPA had the role of being the first contact with the 14 barn owners involved. These were birds owned by Galbraith, many of them gathered from farmers working under contract. They were being held in these barns until Galbraith and his sales staff could line up new buyers.

Bird ownership and responsibility was a key issue at the beginning. The OSCPA advised that the barn owners would be held responsible for animal welfare and on that basis said those barn owners had the right to dispose of the birds. That settled the issue of legal liability.

Galbraith phoned each of those barn owners when he declared bankruptcy, telling them the birds were now theirs – and their problem.

Traumatized

Dam said the team decided these 14 barns were the priority, and in the end they were the only ones the team euthanized. Owners of breeding flocks were on their own.

The OSPCA exercised a search warrant on PKI headquarters in Waterloo and seized the names of 250 PKI flock owners, but because of privacy laws, did not and will not share that information.

But from that information, Dam’s team knew there were 14 flocks that required high-priority attention.

While Dam was working flat out to determine how to deal with these flocks, others at OMAFRA were researching potential markets. Although there is a thriving squab industry in the province complete with custom slaughtering plants, few of the Galbraithbred birds would qualify.

There is also a thriving racing pigeon community, and another for homing pigeons, but they weren’t interested in what were basically mongrel pigeons. There is a tiny market for pigeons to feed falcons hired to patrol the skies near airports.

McKay said it was extremely helpful that the egg board had lined up liquid carbon dioxide suppliers long ago in developing its emergency-preparedness plans.

The egg board was, for example, able to line up delivery over the July 1 holiday weekend for a truck to be at a farm Tuesday.

The emergency-preparedness planning that had gone on before also helped line up equipment and people, Dam said.

“Logistics and communications. Everything comes down to that,” Dam said.

“It demonstrated the value of our emergency preparedness efforts,” said Pam Bolton of the egg board.

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