According to experts, farmers can thank genetic improvements for a lot of those gains.

WHY IT MATTERS: Manitoba dry bean acres saw a two-decade high in 2025 and a record area of pinto beans planted.

Juan Osorno, a dry bean breeder and geneticist at North Dakota State University, has seen the positive yield effects just south of the international border, even with today’s higher risks and tighter margins.

“In the last 80 years, we pretty much doubled it. We’re producing twice as many beans in the same acre,” he said. “Sixty per cent of those gains can be explained by better varieties.”

That lines up with trends provincial pulse specialist Dennis Lange has seen in Manitoba fields. New bean varieties are ready to harvest sooner and handle all kinds of Manitoba weather, making them easier for local farmers to grow, he said.

“Over the years, we’ve seen those maturities kind of become earlier and more widely adapted to Manitoba,” he noted.

Equally important, breeders were able to push the boundary of those maturity windows without taking big hits on performance. Once the purview of southern Manitoba, dry beans have crept into new regions of the province.

Central Manitoba remains king for dry bean acres, but some farmers are putting them in the ground in the west and northwest. Last year’s data (as reported by Yield Manitoba), showed about 3,900 acres in crop insurance risk zones 6 and 7, regions north of Brandon and along the Yellowhead Highway. In the risk areas around Dauphin, directly north of Riding Mountain National Park, and even further north — north of the Duck Mountains and along the Saskatchewan border — MASC reported a collective 5,300 acres.

There are also yearly efforts to further localize seed choice. Most dry bean growers in Western Canada do rely on U.S. genetics. Local trials from the Manitoba Pulse and Soybean Growers strive to narrow the list of varieties that work best in local fields.

Dry beans standing tall

Modern breeding tools, such as genomic selection and field-based sensors, are speeding up and improving decisions in crop development.

“Now we have technology that allows to No. 1: screen or evaluate more material in our breeding program, and No. 2: be more efficient at the selection process,” Osorno said, noting these advancements bring practical benefits to the farm, offering better-performing bean varieties with improved traits.

One of the most significant changes for farmers has been the shift from traditional, low-growing bean plants to upright varieties.

“Back in 1997, ’98, ’99 … the main way farmers would harvest would be your traditional undercutting and windrowing, and now that’s changed through genetics,” Lange said.

Today’s more upright beans can be harvested with the same combine as farmers used for corn, soybeans or other row crops, Osorno said, resulting in reduced physical labour, lower fuel usage and fewer beans left uncollected in the field.

The change has allowed farmers to better integrate dry beans into more diverse crop rotations, particularly during tight harvest windows.

“It allows them for more flexibility in the timing of the harvest operation,” Osorno said. “So your production costs go down, which means your return on investment also goes up.”

Seed quality to match market demands

Farmers are paying a lot more attention to seed quality these days, thanks to what buyers and the market are asking for, said Lange. Genetics have helped tackle problems like beans darkening in storage, especially for pintos.

“We want varieties that have slow darkening capability, meaning pinto will last longer in the stores,” he said. “All those are through genetic improvements.”

If a farmer’s beans come in looking too dark, they end up getting docked at the elevator, which hits them right in the pocketbook, Osorno said.

Value-added traits mostly untapped

Even with all of the genetic progress, many value-added traits, like better nutrition and quicker-cooking beans, haven’t really caught on as priorities in the industry yet.

“I’ve been talking about those things at every opportunity, every meeting I go to, trying to spread the word, because I think it’s a really good thing,” Osorno said. “I don’t think the industry is taking advantage of that as much as they could.”

Looking ahead, both Osorno and Lange said continued genetic improvement will be key to maintaining dry beans as a competitive crop on the Prairies, particularly as weather variability and market expectations increase.

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“The whole world is a little short of beans this year,” said Mitch Coulter, executive director of the Northarvest Bean Growers Association in Fargo, N.D..

He noted Mexico was already buying heavily from the U.S. and Canada, while Argentina, normally a competitor with North American beans, had troubles with its crop.

About 70 per cent of the edible beans grown in Minnesota are irrigated, “and those acres were really good,” Coulter said.

However, on the North Dakota side, “it’s variable… if we got the rains, those beans were average to slightly above average, while in other zones where we missed the rains, we had a poor crop.”

In North Dakota, producers primarily grow pinto and black beans, while kidney and navy beans are more prominent in Minnesota, according to Coulter. He described the pinto and black beans as average in terms of quality, while “the kidney beans were supreme — they really came out nice this year.”

From a marketing standpoint, Coulter expected to see strong prices going forward, with some buyers already contracting for next year’s crop. As a result, he anticipated picking up some more acres for edible beans in 2024.

U.S. farmers grew 1.02 million tonnes of edible beans in 2023-24, which was down from the 1.17 million tonnes grown the previous year due to a combination of smaller yields and reduced acres, according to U.S. Department of Agriculture data. North Dakota, the largest edible-bean-growing state, saw production down by roughly 22 per cent on the year at 365,500 tonnes.

Canada grew 276,600 tonnes of edible beans in 2023-24, according to Statistics Canada data, which would be down by 36,000 tonnes from the previous year and the smallest production since 2016.

Pinto beans in North Dakota are currently trading around 35 to 36 U.S. cents/lb., according to Prairie Ag Hotwire data, with black beans topping out at 40 and navies at 30. Kidney beans were bid at roughly 41 cents/lb.

In Manitoba, pinto beans delivered to the elevator were trading as high as 52.5 cents/lb., with navy beans at 53-56 cents, black beans at 57.3-60.3 and kidney beans in the 50-54 cents/lb. area.

— Phil Franz-Warkentin is an associate editor/analyst with MarketsFarm in Winnipeg.

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“Generally on the east side of the province and some areas of the south, some pretty good yields. And then in the west-central, southwest regions, some yields that were quite low. It’s quite a varied outcome,” Potts said.

“Overall, I think what we’re expecting is to have overall pulse yields certainly less than last year and lower than the five-year average. But better than the 2021 drought year.”

He estimated pea and lentil yields to be 25 per cent lower than 2019-20 and 2020-21 and 12 to 13 per cent lower than 2022-23. Due to being grown in drier areas in the province, lentil and chickpea yields fared worse than those for dry peas and faba beans. However, the news wasn’t all bad.

“From an overall perspective, harvest started earlier than normal this year and progressed fairly well. We have good harvest weather for the most part and as a result, we’re expecting good quality overall,” Potts said.

The province’s pulse export program is anticipated to be smaller than normal for this marketing year, according to Potts. However, this could mean firmer prices for Saskatchewan pulses while international demand stays strong.

“Any forecasts that I’ve seen have indicated tight carryout at the end of the current marketing year. So I expect the export program will go as strong as it can, given the supply limitations we might have this year.”

— Adam Peleshaty reports for MarketsFarm from Stonewall, Man.

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“The key word this year is variability,” he said. “It all depends on when you got that rain, or if you got that rain.

“If you got that rain, generally, harvest is moving along at a pretty good pace right now but there are going to be some lows in areas that didn’t get any significant rainfall.”

Why it matters: All Manitoba farmers dealt with patchy rains in 2023. Pulse growers are now seeing the effect.

Soybean acres started to claw back some of their decline from last year, climbing to 1.5 million seeded acres in 2023. They had taken a significant hit in the wake of 2022’s wet spring. Less than one million acres went into the ground last season, a number not seen since 2012.

“A lot of it was growers deciding to maybe hold off on soybeans because it was getting to be a later year,” said Lange.

Those who did plant the crop in 2022 reaped big benefits. Conditions were friendly and yields jumped.

“We actually broke a record last year. Provincially, we [were] at 45 bushels per acre on average,” said Lange.

Today, the five-year average yield for the soybeans sits around 35 bushels per acre, while Lange put the 10-year average at 36. Current conditions indicate the 2023 crop will average around 34 bu./ acre.

“With the lack of moisture in some regions, especially in that July and August period, you really saw a yield drop in those early harvest beans,” Lange said. “For anything harvested towards the end of August and early September, those yields were coming in from 20 to 30 bushels per acre, and there were some under 20.”

He was unsurprised by those numbers because there wasn’t enough moisture to keep the beans from prematurely finishing off. Longer-maturing crops are likely better.

“What we are seeing now are areas that had better rainfall through July,” he said. “We are starting to see 30- to 40-bushel yields pretty consistently now.”

In areas that received good moisture, Lange says some soybean fields have 50 to 60 bu./acre.

As of Sept. 21, Manitoba soybean harvest was about 21 per cent complete, with the central region leading the way. About 45 per cent of soybeans were harvested in that region.

Lange said seed moisture is around 12 per cent, and some growers report green, immature seeds. Though those seeds will dry down, too many can be a problem.

“Use your judgment when you’re out there. If you’re seeing a lot of green pods come in, you may want to wait for a couple of days.”

Lange has also been questioned about pre-harvest aids like glyphosate or Reglone, but cautioned farmers not to apply too early and to be mindful of any maximum residue level requirements.

“What’s really important if you’re growing a food-grade soybean is to make sure you have that discussion with your buyer to make sure that what you’re doing in that field is going to meet their requirements for export,” said Lange. “You don’t want to be going into early-stage issues with MRLs; that could be very costly in the end.”

Dry beans

Much like soybeans, dry bean acres were greater this year at 140,000, after bottoming out last year at 115,000.

Pinto bean acres jumped from 61,000 to 82,000 and black beans jumped from 20,000 acres to 30,000. Navy beans, kidney beans and cranberry bean acres remained relatively consistent year-over-year.

“When you look at the yield in 2022, we had near-perfect growing conditions for dry beans,” said Lange.

Dry bean growers in 2022 saw record yields as well, with a high of just over 2,300 pounds per acre. But once again, Lange predicts yields slightly below average yields this year of 1,700 lb./acre. The five-year average for dry beans is 1,860 lb./acre and the 10-year average is 1,776 lb.

Seed moisture has been lower because of dry conditions. Lange puts it in the 12-13 per cent range, but added that, “even with the drier seed moisture, the crack seed coats have been low, typically under 10 per cent.”

Early yields range from 1,200-1,500 lb./acre, but Lange said those numbers are beginning to improve.

“Now we’re getting into the harvest portion here where the better quality beans are coming off, the beans that had more moisture, so our ranges are anywhere from 1,500 to 2,500 lb./acre.”

Hard frost has been reported in a few regions, but didn’t cause significant damage.

“Frost on dry beans can be quite devastating if the crop isn’t mature enough, but in these instances, because there was green leaf material, it actually protected the pod,” Lange noted.

Dry bean harvest was expected to wrap up by the end of September.

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StatCan on Tuesday released those projections, which largely presented a reduction in yields due to ongoing dry conditions on the Prairies. As of July 31, Canadian dry field pea output was estimated at 2.191 million tonnes, a 36 per cent decline from the 2022-23 total and its lowest yearly figure in 20 years.

Lentils showed a similar decline, producing 33.2 per cent less at 1.537 million tonnes, its lowest total since 2009.

Dry bean production was pegged at 269,934 tonnes, compared to 312,994 last year while hitting a seven-year low.

Meanwhile, soybean production was expected to see a 2.9 per cent increase from last year at 6.735 million tonnes. Chickpea production was slated for 3.6 per cent growth to 132,575 tonnes.

Pulse Canada director of market access and trade policy Mac Ross said while there were drier-than-normal conditions in many parts of the Prairies, he does not expect a repeat of the yield cuts caused by the 2021 drought.

“We’re likely going to be better off this year with pockets that fared a little better than others, but we also had less acres on major pulses lentils and peas this year,” Ross said.

Both projections for lentils and peas were well below pre-report trade expectations and the potential lack of supply was reflected in recent price movement. High-delivered bids for lentils ranged from 30.3 to 60.5 cents/lb. as of Monday, according to Prairie Ag Hotwire. Prices have risen between three to eight cents compared to last month and between 4.3 to 18 cents since last year.

High-delivered bids for chickpeas ranged from 35.5 to 51.5 cents/lb., with most varieties gaining seven cents in price over the past month and between 2.5 to 10.5 cents compared to one year ago.

“We’re seeing on the lentil and chickpea side prices going up. We know in India there’s some real concern regarding their kharif planting and the effect El Niño is having on supplies. There’s also some questions about the size of the North American crop,” Ross added.

“The drier conditions we’re seeing in Canada is not just a Canada story. The El Niño effect is kind of impacting production globally and it’s something we’ll have to watch.”

He added that lentil demand from India and pea demand from China are both still very strong, despite a slight decline in the latter. Meanwhile, domestic demand continues to move forward.

“We’re seeing a trend of increased domestic processing here in Canada. We have now about 600,000 tonnes of pulse processing alone here in Canada. If you look at that in terms of volume stacked up with our export markets, the Canadian domestic market is now second behind China as far as our largest markets,” Ross said.

— Adam Peleshaty reports for MarketsFarm from Stonewall, Man.

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Most of Canada’s pulses are grown on the Prairies, and in particular southern Alberta and western Saskatchewan, which happen to be the driest parts of the region, leading to declines in production this year along with reduced acres.

In AAFC’s latest outlook for principal field crops, dry pea production was down 200,000 tonnes at 2.7 million, and a fair bit less than the 3.42 million harvested in 2022-23. Exports for 2023-24 were reduced by the same amount at 2.2 million tonnes while domestic usage was held at 705,000. Ending stocks were nudged up by 50,000 tonnes at 275,000.

Lentils were also lowered, from 2.1 million tonnes in July to now 1.8 million. In 2022-23, lentil production reached 2.3 million tonnes. Exports for 2023-24 hold at 330,000 tonnes, domestic usage stays at 250,000, with ending stocks remaining at 125,000.

Dry bean production lost 20,000 tonnes at 300,000, going from more than the 313,000 tonnes combined in 2022-23 to less than that amount. Exports and domestic usage for 2023-24 were held at 330,000 and 75,000 tonnes respectively. Ending stocks were cut from 70,000 tonnes to now 50,000.

The production of chickpeas was reduced by 25,000 tonnes at 170,000, but that’s still better than the 128,000 in 2022-23. Exports for 2023-24 remained at 145,000. Domestic usage increased by 15,000 tonnes at 70,000, but ending stocks were halved at 25,000.

Pulse prices across the Prairies nudged up following the AAFC report. Prairie Ag Hotwire said lentils across Western Canada gained seven-10ths to two cents per pound and chickpeas were up 0.5-1.8 cents/lb. Beans rose 0.3-0.5 cent/lb. except for navy beans which lost 1.2 cents.

Green peas were up 50 cents per bushel while yellows were unchanged. Feed prices were mixed as well, with a gain of 25 cents in Manitoba to a drop of 40 cents in Saskatchewan.

— Glen Hallick reports for MarketsFarm from Winnipeg.

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While any precipitation has been beneficial to this year’s crops struggling with dry conditions, Jubinville said, it won’t help that much. 

“In terms of advancing pea and lentil yield averages, so far, I would say no. There, and all crops are quickly advancing through their reproductive phases of development, so rain going forward may act to stabilize crops and promote fill, but not likely to add yield,” he wrote in a July 25 email. 

“Also most of the rain received in the last 24 to 48 hours seemed biased up and down the Yellowhead Highway – again helped some crops there, but west-central and southwest Saskatchewan and southern Alberta are largely missed,” he added, noting that lentils are better able to handle dry conditions than most crops. 

The prices for pulses across Western Canada have been steady, according to Prairie Ag Hotwire. As of July 24, those for lentils haven’t moved with old crop Lairds ranging from 48.5 to 58 cents per pound delivered, depending on the size. New crop Lairds fetched 39.5 to 55 cents/lb. 

The Eston lentils stood at 41.5 to 53 cents/lb. delivered for old crop, while new crop number ones were 48 to 50 cents/lb.  

Old crop Richleas were 39.5 to 50 cents/lb. delivered with new crop at 38.5 to 50 cents/lb. And the Crimsons garnered 23.5 to 34 cents/lb. for old crop and 25.5 to 33 cents/lb. for new crop. 

As for the chickpeas, Prairie Ag Hotwire said the old crop Kabulis ranged from 28.5 to 44.8 cents/lb. delivered, depending on the size while nine-millimeter new crop Kabulis fetched 42.5 to 44 cents/lb. Old crop Desi and B-90’s were priced at 27.3 to 35 cents/lb. 

Meanwhile, old crop green peas were C$13 to C$14 per bushel delivered, with new crop at C$12.50 to C$14.50. Old crop yellows ranged from C$8.75 to C$12.80/bu. with new crop at C$8.75 to C$10. Old crop feed peas went for C$10.50 to C$11.80/bu. depending on the province. 

— Glen Hallick reports for MarketsFarm from Winnipeg.

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Sargsyan said he hasn’t seen too many acres of green lentils signed up for this year, while it’s the opposite case for the reds.

“I’m seeing some resistance from producers. It seems they are extremely [reluctant} on the green lentils. Red lentils, I would say there’s a lot of interest in those,” Sargsyan explained, noting reds were signed up for 35-36 cents/lb., leading a lot of farmers to sign contracts.

As for the greens, he suggested farmers are very likely to remain on the sidelines until they see prices improve. That could come with continued dry conditions on the Canadian Prairies, along with a boost in export demand.

The exception, he said, were dark speckled lentils, as their price was 60 cents/lb. when farmers signed up. He stressed these lentils are a niche market, with the harvest usually exported to France.

“There’s a good risk of the market crashing,” Sargsyan warned, urging any growers to quickly sign a contract and to keep an eye on the market.

New-crop French No. 1 lentils were listed by Prairie Ag Hotwire at 60-65 cents/lb. delivered as of Friday. Lairds, depending on size, ranged from 43 to 54 cents/lb. Also, Richleas garnered 40 to 52 cents/lb. and Crimsons brought in 27 to 35 cents.

Ahead of Statistics Canada’s survey-based principal field crop area report, scheduled for June 28, Sargsyan wasn’t sure as to how many acres of pulses were planted this spring. But he said moisture for the region’s crops is needed very soon.

Earlier this year StatCan published its estimates on acres to be planted this year, using its computer-based model. The agency projected 3.976 million acres of lentils, down from 4.321 million last year. Dry peas were the next biggest crop by planted area at 3.212 million, slipping from the 3.368 million seeded in 2022.

Chickpeas rose from 233,800 acres in 2022 to 260,200 this year, followed by dry beans (white and coloured) slipping year to year from 297,600 to 257,200. Faba beans increased from 72,300 to 89,200 acres. The vast majority of Canada’s lentils are grown on the Prairies.

— Glen Hallick reports for MarketsFarm from Winnipeg.

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So far in May, growing areas of the province have not seen any significant precipitation, according to Dennis Lange, industry development specialist for pulse crops with Manitoba Agriculture.

Dry beans, he said, are the last pulse crop farmers have been planting in Manitoba and are about 75 per cent complete as of Tuesday.

“They were rolling along very quickly,” he said. “They only got going early last week.”

As for field peas, he said, planting is pretty much finished for this year and they got off to a good start.

“Emergence has been quite good this year. There’s been good soil moisture even though we have not had any significant rainfall this May,” Lange said, noting earlier-planted field peas were at the third to fourth node stage.

Planted area estimates from Statistics Canada put field peas for the province at 185,300 acres, compared to 188,600 in 2022-23, he noted; planted dry bean acres are expected to shrink to 115,800 from last year’s 125,400.

While field peas benefitted from better soil moisture levels, Lange said some dry bean growers are planting a little deeper than they normally would, down to 1.5-1.75 inches rather than the usual 1.25-1.5.

“Any deeper than two inches, it takes too long to come out of the ground,” Lange said.

Farmers’ other option, he said, has been to plant dry beans at normal depths and hope rain comes in time.

Prices for dry peas have held steady for the past month, according to Prairie Ag Hotwire. Old-crop green peas remain at $12.50-$14.50 per bushel delivered and new-crop is at $12-$12.81/bu.

Old-crop yellow peas stood at $9.95-$12.80/bu. with new-crop at $9-$10.30/bu.

Among dry beans, white navy were at 52-55 cents/lb. for old-crop and 43.5-46 cents/lb. for new-crop. Pinto beans were at 47.5-50 cents/lb. for old-crop and 43.5 to 46 cents/lb. for new crop.

— Glen Hallick reports for MarketsFarm from Winnipeg.

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WHY IT MATTERS: Grassland habitat has been quickly disappearing on the Canadian Prairies and conservation groups note that livestock have a critical role in maintaining what’s left.

Last March, the UN General Assembly officially declared 2026 the International Year of Rangelands and Pastoralists.

While it’s tough to get people excited about an event that’s still three years away, the increased attention is important due to the ongoing threat to this critical habitat, said the co-chair of the North American support group for the event.

“We’re losing native grasslands,” said Barry Irving, who was a long-time manager of the University of Alberta’s research stations. “We have all these wonderful programs and information, but there’s still a ton of native grassland that is converted [to cropland] every year.”

According to the Nature Conservancy of Canada, more than 70 per cent of the country’s prairie grasslands have been lost, and another 148,000 acres are plowed or developed every year.

“The International Year of Rangelands and Pastoralists aims to raise awareness and advocate for the value of healthy rangelands and sustainable pastoralism, as well as advocating for the need to further build the capacity of and increase responsible investment in the pastoral livestock sector,” the United Nations said when it announced the event last year.

A lot could be accomplished by raising awareness of rangelands with people who rarely step foot on them — the urban population, according to Irving.

“That’s the group that could have some effect on future arrangements,” he said.

Duncan Morrison, executive director with the Manitoba Forage and Grassland Association, welcomes such a large-scale celebration of rangelands.

“It’s quite significant,” he said. “It’s just well-timed in terms of some of the challenges and successes of grasslands.”

Morrison also pointed to disappearing grassland acres. Economic decisions on the farm have contributed to the vanishing act, he noted.

Gearing up

Irving’s group is one of 11 worldwide that are working on preparations for the international year.

“North America will take more of a focus on rangelands, but other places in the globe will take more of a focus on pastoralists,” he said.

Originally, the focus was going to be on rangeland alone. Then planners realized pastoralists, who collectively care for an estimated one billion animals globally (from sheep, goats and cattle to camels, yaks and reindeer) also required recognition.

When it comes to protecting rangelands, there are short- and long-term forces at play, said Irving.

“A balance needs to be had. When resources become limited, they become more valuable.”

Eventually, the value of rangeland will become high enough — through conservation program payments or long-term leases — to keep it native, he hopes.

There is some movement in that direction.

In addition to the efforts of conservation groups, Ottawa created the On-Farm Climate Action Fund, which could help keep ranchers on the land, Irving said. There is also more messaging focused on the role of rangelands.

However, Irving added, the losses continue. He estimates that parts of his home province of Alberta now have about 20 per cent of their original native rangeland.

Not all of that loss is on private land, he noted, pointing to occasional public land dispersal auctions by government entities.

Irving said it is vital to make more people aware of what’s happening and its impact.

“That awareness goes beyond the sustainability of land; it’s sustainability of culture, lifestyle, communities.”

His group was active among the long list of individuals and organizations working to get the international year declared. There were about 50 people on the committee, which was loosely affiliated with the Society for Range Management, headquartered in Kansas.

“We accomplish[ed] the unknown, which was getting the U.S. and Canada to sign on formally as endorsing the International Year of Rangelands and Pastoralists,” he said.

“Typically, Canada, United States, European Union and Australia do not sign on to formally support international years.”

Domestic reluctance was based on fear that signing on would equate with help to foot the bill, he said.

Globally, more than 300 groups, including UN agencies and the International Livestock Research Institute, collaborated to get the international year declared.

Proponents first needed approval from the UN’s committee of agriculture. Then the proposal had to work its way up to the General Assembly.

In Irving’s view, it’s not what happens in the higher echelons of government and the UN that is key. It’s the actions in ranching and farming communities.

“It’s a grassroots movement, I think. It moves from the ranch or farm individual on up.”

As far as Morrison is concerned, the three-year lead-up is a perfect window to promote rangelands’ role in sustainable development.

“It is a chance to showcase these lands. It is a chance to showcase that, as well as being working landscapes and being a critical part of farms in Manitoba and on the Prairies, that these particular ecosystems are incredibly valuable and we need to continue to build attention around them,” he said.

— With files from Alexis Stockford

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